

The year 1950 was hugely successful for the Jaguar brand. XK120 model was storming the racetracks all over the world and – what’s important – it was very competitive. So much so, the mastermind behind Jaguar, Sir William Lyons, managed to see it to a beautiful sports campaign. Inspired by the winning machines, he had a dream of a Le Mans victory. 24h run was a huge deal already. The biggest auto sport celebration of the year. More than just sport, a capable fast racecar would inevitably boost sales. In fact, it would open a global market for their model range, and the US of A was a market not to be ignored. A Jaguar XK120 entered 1950 edition of the Le Mans race and it held on 4th for a magnificent part of the race. The Brits could not let this end just like that. They felt the need to support the car in its sports career.



A secret group of engineers formed an unofficial sports division within the Jag – dedicated to make sure the car decimates any possible rivals. William Heynes was appointed the head of this section, and their first vehicle: the XK120 C project. The name indicated the XK120 roots of the new model, and the ‚C’ secretly meant it was a proper competition variant. That moniker was largely abandoned and a new name was adopted: the C-Type. Its motor was a solid 3.4 Straight 6 DOHC from the XK120 – a great piece of engineering, but now with the new pistons, new cams, and a pair of new carburetors. 200 bhp it made – when XK120 was capable of 160 bhp before the changes.



Engine apart – the car was much more lightweight for racing. It had a bespoke tubular frame, with a subframe for the engine and front suspensions. Double wishbones – and a rear live axle. Each side was fitted with torsion bars, and each wheel was stopped by hydraulic drum brakes. It was a complex machine – hidden underneath an aluminum body inspired by the XK120’s sleek lines. The XK120 was much heavier though – over 350 kilos in fact – even though its body was also made of light aluminum.



The cars were finally ready for the race, but two entered examples had to retire early due to mechanical failure. Only one machine was left in the race – and he did it, the son-of-a-bitch did it! The Le Mans trophy – after over two decades – goes back to England. The C-Type was a bang – the closest rivals were 9 laps behind. Stirling Moss put his hands on the Touring Trophy later that year – and twice the Goodwood – all in Jag. He was victorious at Silverstone when in 1952 the International Trophy was raced.



The rules required production examples for homologation. Without it – it would be but a prototype. That was the plan anyway, as cars for sale always generate some income for the company. Engineers started preparing the model for the roads. The lack of good steel needed for its chassis, resulted in series of delays, but the clients could drive the first cars in spring of 1952. A bit more than 40 were made total, often sold to private racers. An F1 driver here and there. Giuseppe Farina had one, Juan Manuel Fangio bought it too – I don’t know how true that is – but story says, Farina got his car in order to reverse-engineer it in Ferrari’s workshop. It was such a threat to Italians, that once it was on the road, it became their direct rival for the upcoming season immediately.



Road version was largely unchanged compared to the sportscar. To the Le Mans ’51 exact models. Race program involved further changes in aerodynamics to counter German Mercedes machinations. Stirling Moss had a chance to test the new brake technology at Mille Miglia, but none of the Le Mans cars had such brakes in the race. As a result… drums were overheating very rapidly and all three finished early. The initial diagnosis was the new bodies were problematic, but they later learnt cooling cables were too thin for the job as well. Ah, one way or another – that race was no success. Disc brakes were far superior – Moss was best at Reims later that year – the first victor with a disc brakes car in history.



The 1952 edition of Le Mans was a failure, so the English had nothing to lose the year after. They prepared the C-Type Lightweight variants with triple Weber carburetors, 220 bhp, Dunlop disc brakes on all four wheels – AND 60 kilograms lighter than the previous cars. Not only they had more stopping power, but the brakes lasted for much longer. For longer time of braking much later, much harder. They must have learnt their lesson. Jags took the first spot, as long as the second and fourth positions. Duncan Hamilton / Tony Rolt car was the first vehicle in history to win that race with over 100 mph average speed. They did exactly 105.841 mph.



The Jaguar replaces their models with the year 1954, but the new car is still an XK120 derivative. The upcoming D-Type is just as competitive, but it was the C-Type that is to be remembered for reaching the motorsport’s top of the top. It placed their brand right next to the best racing automakers. C-Type came victorious as a works entrant or a private racer. And it made Jags more popular on public roads all over the world. It gave us new technologies – brakes we now see as standard on every car of today – first raced on the Jaguar sports cars.



Krzysztof Wilk
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