

We normally associate the Spitfire name with the Second World War fighter plane that fought in defense of the Brits in the Battle of Britain, but not only. Car enthusiasts might know that name for a sports two-seater of the sixties. It was an outstanding move for Triumph – having released that model into market. Its production persisted for almost 20 years, and it sold in over 300k examples. Half that in USA. Almost… hmph… OVER 75% of all Spitfires made, were sold abroad.



The Triumph brand was once in the hands of the Standard Motor Company. The Standard wished for a sportscar that could rival Austin Healey. Austin’s model Sprite cost nothing – it was cheap both in purchase and in maintenance. The machine could fit only two people, but everyone could afford it and have tons of fun of driving. Triumph was experienced in that matter already. They had made fast cars in the past, but they rivalled more upmarket MG, mostly. A niche appeared that had to be filled. The guys at Triumph said they would have it covered.



1960 the works start. Giovanni Michelotti responsible for the design. He was reliable – did his part on Triumph Herald before. Damn good job he did – so the guys trusted him with the new project. And rightfully so – when the prototype came to be, it got an internal code: ‚the Bomb’.



And the bomb Spitfire was! Triumph’s intention was a cheap car – but in every way, shape or form better than Austin Healey Sprite. It was to dominate it with its superior Herald 1.1-litre motor, and more spacious, comfy interior. The prototype had a lot to do with the Herald – they was closely related. Their steering was shared and so were the suspensions. Spitfire frame was more rigid and durable. It was a problem of previous models – but not of the Spitfire. Soon everyone would see how bomb the car was. It was fantastic – with upgraded stability due to stronger side skirts and reinforced rear wall behind seats, so it could hold suspension elements.



Before they could really start production, Triumph needed to sort their own shit out, cause the brand was slowly decaying. The money was gone and the project was stalled. It didn’t look good – it didn’t look at all until Leyland saved the situation in 1961, when they took over the whole Standard Triumph car assembly. The whole thing was long forgotten when the head of Leyland looked under the rug where the prototype was hidden. ‚The hell is that?’ he asked. Guys told him: ‚the sportscar we ain’t got no money for’. ‚You got money now’ he assured. The first car rolled out in 15 months and it was practically the same, but with rubber floormats and working windows.



Generation 1 was called Spitfire 4, because… reasons. It could be due to cylinder count, but your guess is as good as mine. ‚Spitfire’ of course relates to the fighter plane, but if you asked for some evidence they legally obtained the ‚Spitfire’ trademark, then I should disappoint you. There is none. Maybe they felt kinda excused, since the Coventry plant supplied the warplane parts during the conflict… and maybe they just claimed it like their own – like the English did with the Polish gold after the war. We will never know.



Healey Sprite was a tad cheaper, but at this point – none of it mattered, cause Spitfire outsold it by far. Especially in America. Well… It was better equipped, with more attractive, aviation inspired dash, with hardtop options or later overdrive transmissions. Triumph was better. It had a good set of disc brakes, that worked wonders in a car lightweight like this. Independent suspension was Herald-derived. Front wishbone with a coil spring, and a rear with swing axle and a transverse leaf spring mounted to the differential. It was simple, yes – but for its price? A good deal.



1.1-litre was good for 63 bhp from 4 cylinders, which allowed Gen I to accelerate 0-60 within 16.4 seconds, and top at 92 mph (148 kph). Ok – not the best by today’s standards, but mind this: today that car is 60 years old. It has very deep seats positioned quite low in the chassis, thanks to which the position behind the wheel gives a lot of fun – and that is why people buy such cars. For the fun of driving. Plethora of aftermarket parts available for it right after it appeared in dealerships. You could get everything for it: high compression heads, high performance exhaust manifold, twin-choke Weber carburetors… people had serious business under their hoods. Their cars became faster and faster – and nicer to drive. They sold in number of at least 45k.



The Spitfire of the second generation came to be in 1965. All the changes to the model during its entire production run – it was evolution rather than revolution. Mark II was mostly identical to Mk I. The clutches were upgraded to better diaphragm spring counterparts. Only on the British cars though. Americans got their Lucas distributors replaced with ACDelco. The seats were redesigned, metal parts were covered and the rubber floormats changed to carpets. In order to differentiate the new cars from the outgoing, front grille was slightly refreshed and you could find new emblems on the body. Mark II was a tad more powerful, as its motor generated extra 4 horsepower. Spitfire celebrated great success in American motorsport, which in turn led to improved sales. So much so, people coined a phrase ‚win on Sunday, sell on Monday’. 37 thousand of those machines found their buyers in 2 years.



The 3rd generation introduced more changes. In order to keep the car competitive, motors grew to 1.3-litre and their power: 73 bhp. That helped accelerate from 0 to 60 in 13.4 seconds. The new car had a front bumper complying with American market, bigger brakes as well – and new seats. Dashboard was finished in wood-veneer. Its steering wheel was straight from the TR4 model, and the top would no longer require to be stored in the trunk. The one hundred thousandth chassis rolls down in 1968, and so good Mk III was, that it sold in the number exceeding 65k.



Mk IV was the first big update to Spitfire. Its lines matured. Looked more like Michelotti’s original drawings. All of the chrome was removed from the body. The front grille with bumpers were black plastic. It was given more modern door handles. Rear bumper was a single piece of material. Its trunk gained in capacity and Spitfire closed the market gap to Stag or Triumph 2000. Mark IV hardtop was more practical from now on – it left more headroom and made better protection.



All gen 4 Spitfires had a dashboard in black plastic. The gauges were now placed in front of the driver, as opposed to the middle of the dash, as it was in the earlier models. The wood-veneer finishing returned in later examples. Seatbelts were standard. Heating was standard, so were the sun-visors. Fun fact: the measure of engine power changed in the meantime – we switched to German DIN system – so that the new cars had 63 horsepower, which is less then MK II, even though it was in almost identical configuration.



Mk IV, at last, received upgrades in suspension. The old design could engage in unintended ballet – not everyone appreciated such. That was caused by its transverse leaf springs mounted to the differential. There was an easy fix: leave only the bottom leaf bolted on – all the rest could just dangle freely. It gave the car more predictability in handling, while maintaining its character and still delivering huge fun. I say it was an absolute success!



The last and possibly the best variant of the Spitfire was the 1500. The upgrade came in 1974 and now the car was powered by a 70 bhp 1.5-litre, mated to a Morris Marina transmission. Such combination could finally reach 100 mph. Americans still had the chopped versions, as their regulations required such heresies as: lower compression ratio to work with their unleaded fuel, and recirculating exhaust with a catalytic converter. They were also equipped with a single choke Zenith Stromberg carburetor and as such, they needed 16 seconds or more to get from 0 to 60. Well… what can I say… Europe was running on twin HS4 carburetors and on 9:1 compression ratio, so no Americans could ever catch up to a European spec car.



1500 had a longer rear swing axle. The suspension geometry was readjusted, the whole thing was lowered and resulted in extra stability. Major changes in the interior: the hazard lights were introduced and modern electric windscreen washers. After 18 years from introduction the model is cancelled though. The British Leyland decided to discontinue Spitfire series. It was no longer competitive on a racetrack – mostly due to American safety and emissions ideas. The last example was assembled in 1980 and to this day resides in British Motor Heritage Museum.



The Spitfire is a closed chapter, but it also is a huge success of the British auto industry. The car that rocked the world. It won numerous motorsport trophies on the national and international level. It was seen both on racetracks as well as rallies of the ’60-ies. It finished Le Mans 21st. Tour de France Rally resulted in a class victory and Geneva 1st place overall. Sebring successes a year after. And Le Mans – two first places. Alpine Rally was also a victory. Spitfires started 458 times and 84% of the entries managed to complete the race: 153 times finishing on the podium – 52 times first.



It had one job – make driving fun. And it never failed. Top down ride, pure emotions – while, at the same time, not costing you a fortune. Yes, AC Cobra was more ruthless, I agree but… Triumph is still satisfying. Especially in tight corners. Spitfire was friendly to any tuner changes, and it could be this loved automobile for every driver. Those who knew their thing, and those who didn’t. The street racing machine, track-day racer and a daily car. The parts were cheap and easy to fit. Every new upgrade was rewarding and it was never boring. In fact – Spitfires are still hugely popular among race drivers in UK, and they can often be seen on the roads today.



Krzysztof Wilk
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